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KMID : 1237720150480010016
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Anatomy & Cell Biology
2015 Volume.48 No. 1 p.16 ~ p.24
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Mechanistic insights into pancreatic beta-cell mass regulation by glucose and free fatty acids
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Oh Yoon-Sin
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Abstract
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Pancreatic islets are responsible for blood glucose homeostasis. Reduced numbers of functional (insulin-secreting) beta-cells in pancreatic islets underlies diabetes. Restoration of the secretion of the proper amount of insulin is a goal. Beta-cell mass is increased by neogenesis, proliferation and cell hypertrophy, and is decreased by beta-cell death primarily through apoptosis. Many hormones and nutrients affect beta-cell mass, and glucose and free fatty acid are thought to be the most important determinants of beta-cell equilibrium. A number of molecular pathways have been implicated in beta-cell mass regulation and have been studied. This review will focus on the role of the principle metabolites, glucose and free fatty acid, and the downstream signaling pathways regulating beta-cell mass by these metabolites.
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KEYWORD
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Glucose, Free fatty acids, Beta-cell mass regulation, Proliferation, Apoptosis
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